Enschede, Gronau, Lonneker

The textile industry emerged in the 19th century as one of the main engines of the industrial revolution in both the Netherlands. In the Netherlands, Enschede grew into a textile capital due to the emergence of steam engines and its proximity to water and raw materials, which were essential for textile production. At the same time, Gronau, just across the German border, also developed into a thriving textile centre. The cross-border region of Twente and nearby Gronau were closely linked, with factories using each other's expertise and trade routes.

The textile industry brought not only prosperity but also great social differences. Enschede was ruled by the so-called textile barons, wealthy manufacturing families such as Van Heek and Menko, who used their wealth to build impressive villas, especially along Lasondersingel. These imposing properties still bear witness to the opulence of the time. But the barons did not only invest in their own luxury; the Volkspark, laid out in 1872 by the Van Heek family, was specially designed for the relaxation of their workers. It was the first public park in the Netherlands and gave the working class, who often worked under harsh conditions, a place to enjoy nature.

In Gronau, the former textile mill, now converted into the Rock'n'pop museum, tells a fascinating story of transformation. Where cotton machines used to rattle, there is now a lively exhibition space dedicated to the history of pop music. The building itself is a monument of industrial architecture, with its robust brick walls and large windows recalling the time when textile production was the beating heart of Gronau.

For anyone wanting to discover the past of the textile industry, a cycle route through the border area of the Netherlands and Germany is a recommendation. The route takes you past historic buildings, old factories and beautiful landscapes, while you learn more about the textile history that shaped this region.